THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE FORMS AND PROCEDURES IS ALSO WebCONFLICT BETWEEN POWER AND CITIZENS 5 communication of community concerns, crime trends, and policing strategies. WebThe OSCE works to prevent conflicts from arising and to facilitate lasting comprehensive political settlements of existing conflicts. Presented at the 7th Annual National Alliance for Drug Endangered Children Conference. "It hasn't shown any consistent reduction in the risk of mortality or death during emergency police interactions," she says. Rochester police would not respond to detailed questions about its crisis intervention team or whether any of the officers in the Daniel Prude case had any of that training. Adrian Kraus/AP 'They're not doing anything about what a CIT really is'. " But Boily also conceded that additional crisis training was unlikely to be enough. A Statewide Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Initiative: Evolution of the Georgia CIT Program. Jeremy Liebbe holds a Master of Science in Forensic Psychology, holds a Bachelor of Arts in Police Science, and is currently completing a Doctorate of Philosophy in Psychology. Requirements How to apply. Finally, some forensic psychologists work as integral members of a crisis intervention team, potentially as a primary negotiator. Dupont and Cochran (2000) reported that the rates of injuries sustained by police officers were lower in cases where CITs were utilized. Law enforcement personnel frequently encounter individuals suffering from acute psychological crisis, acute mental illness, and/or chronic mental illnesses. As mental health professionals, we will inevitably find ourselves dealing with serious crises at times. One of the many examples: the recent shooting of a distraught 13-year-old boy with an autism spectrum disorder by Salt Lake City police after his mother called officers to report that her son was having "a mental breakdown." to resolve a dispute to know when to reframe and refocus. That is why the study was conducted in order to help shape current entry-level law enforcement crisis hostage negotiation (and related areas such as Crisis Intervention Team) training. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(2), 119-132. The first crisis intervention team was formed years later in 1988 following an incident in Memphis (Tennessee) where a mentally ill person brandishing a knife was shot and killed by police officers. Law enforcement and emergency medical responders most often work well together, but there will be conflicts at times. Many years ago, I worked for a public mental health agency as a crisis outreach therapist. De-escalation is a process designed to prevent conflict escalation and, ideally, resolve conflicts peacefully. In 1971, the mistreatment of inmates and racial tensions sparked a prison riot that resulted in a five-day standoff where three inmates and one correctional officer were killed by rioting prisoners. That's the kind of mentality, the thought process, that we have utilized for way, way too long," says Ron Bruno, who had a 25-year career as a police officer and is now executive director of Crisis Intervention Team International. WebFUNDAMENTAL CRISIS AND CONFLICT THEORY IS OUTLINED, SPECIFIC TRAINING EXERCISES ARE SUGGESTED, AND INTERVENTION METHODS ARE DETAILED. Openly acknowledge your own lack of skill in responding to behaviors you do not like. Crisis Intervention Roles for Law Enforcement, Suicide Risk Assessment in Emergency Civil Commitments. CRS facilitated the program, which included participants from the Winston-Salem Police Department and Forsyth County Sheriffs Office. Often however the first true first responder to these incidents is the emergency 911 dispatcher. He was taken off life support at a local hospital a week later. But there is a pioneering program in Eugene, Ore. 4 0 obj And he was failed by me," Warren told a press conference. Teplin, L. (2000). in Law Enforcement & Public Safety Leadership, Values open, creative dialogue regarding problems, Facilitates genuine collaboration between opponents, Supports preventive, persistent, systemic approaches to resolution and learning, Is built on a foundation of honest, empathetic, self-critical leadership in addressing and responding to conflicts. How do you think they see your actions? 2 0 obj <> According to Section 573.001 of the Texas Health and Safety Code (APOWW), a peace officer, without a warrant, may take a person into custody if the officer has reason to believe and does believe that (A) the person is mentally ill; (B) because of that mental illness there is a substantial risk of serious harm to the person or to others unless the person is immediately restrained; and (C) believes that there is not sufficient time to obtain a warrant before taking the person into custody (Texas Health and Safety Code, 2001). Social scientists have determined that most people respond to conflict in one of these five ways: Though each of these responses can be useful or even necessary depending on the situation, the most effective approaches often tend to involve compromise and/or collaboration. In the past, emergency room, law enforcement, and disaster relief teams developed distinct protocols for responding to family crises. Weband (b) the eventual peaceful or nonlethal resolution of the crisis situation. Racial tensions increased in the Black community in Galveston after police officers, mounted on horseback, arrested a Black man and led him in handcuffs by a rope behind their horses. These are the two faces of conflict, according to Cloke and Goldsmith, the destructive and the creative, the stagnant and the active, the aggressive and the transformative. In collaborative negotiations, everyone openly and honestly discusses the issues that divide them, analyzes their disagreements in the context of their larger agreements, goals, vision, and shared values, and searches together for solutions that satisfy both sides interests.. Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Certification DeEscalation - Conflict Resolution Instructor Before you speak, draw out the other persons ideas. 2. To meet this challenge, law enforcement must prepare and train for any scenario. The 41-year-old Black man was wandering the street, naked and babbling. Many workplaces are terrible at conflict management, and law enforcement agencies are no exception. It is more effective, they contend, to view it instead as a difficult behavior or relationship. Such a shift can cause the person on the hot seat to feel more respected, empowered and responsible, both for the conflict and its resolution. In light of recent threats, law enforcement leaders sought additional education, protocols, and tools that could be useful for officers serving Arab, Muslim, and Sikh communities. Young and Brumley (2009) found high rates of satisfaction among both consumers of CIT services and officers involved in CITs. WebAssesses the needs of victims, provide crisis counseling, information, safety planning, and appropriate referrals; as well as case consultation to law enforcement and medical providers. What are some things you might do together to increase your cooperation and partnership? Most people think of listening as a passive activity in which they sit quietly and take in whatever is said. "Change your tone of voice, your body language, hell, you might have to get on the ground with him! Web1. WebCreated and updated the following courses Crisis Intervention and Mental Illness Crisis Autism Conflict Management and Mediation Recognizing and Describe factors that contribute to a conflict and/or crisis. Participants discussed issues, including language barriers, lack of police officer accountability, and the need for police training on diversity and culture. (2007). Police Response to Mental Health Emergencies: Barriers to Change. The biggest breakdown, Bruno and others say, is that cities and counties too often fail to carefully integrate the program into the wider behavioral mental health care system and route calls away from police. The year 2020 was clearly an extremely challenging time for communities and law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. The Adverse Impact of Informal Dispute Resolution on Women Harvard Women's Law Journal 7: 57-113. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Acknowledge differences and restate issues positively. They pressed his face into the pavement for two minutes, one officer pushing heavily on Prude's head, according to bodycam video of the encounter. Assesses the needs of victims, provide crisis counseling, information, safety planning, and appropriate referrals; as well as case consultation to law enforcement and medical providers. An enormous amount of time, funding, and resources are dedicated to training officers and xKk0T[.tB d0U@v:0~_XI6~+d WWnnfSx He has over a decade of law enforcement investigative experience as a detective sergeant with experience including narcotics, crimes against children, and homicide investigations. Other participants included GPD officers; youth leaders; clergy; business owners; Black, Latino, and white community members; and residents from the east, midtown, and west end neighborhoods in Galveston. Webthe Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) program provides a strong foundation for law enforcements response to individuals experiencing a behavioral health crisis. An official website of the United States government. "If we build the crisis response system, that is non-law enforcement, we will get more people connecting before it hits that level of danger.". Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. Forensic psychology has spawned a variety of subspecialties in recent years, including the specialization of police psychology. WebI have 35+ years experience in the law enforcement, criminal investigation and security fields. Approximately 16% of probationers in 2006 were reported to have a mental illness (Ditton, 2006). Teplin, L. (1986). unintentional firearm, law enforcement intervention or other undetermined violent stream CRS drafted the rules of engagement to guide the SPCP councils work, which the police chief approved and the council adopted. In such situations, the same type of cooperative approach is not always possible. 3. Police-Community Relations Toolkit: Policing 101 (PDF), Police-Community Relations Toolkit: Guide to Critical Issues in Policing (PDF). Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Law enforcement agencies have been employing negotiation strategies in their responses to hostage/barricade situations, kidnappings, personal crises, and other critical incidents since they were first introduced by the New York City Police Department in "If we can shift away from really applying morality to these situations we start to recognize that, you know, these crises of all emerge because a need has gone unmet. City Directory. Make your agreements, understandings, decisions and responsibilities concrete. Police officers in Texas responding to mental health related incidents have three general categories of available responses including resolving the incident in the field, affecting an arrest for a criminal violation, or affecting an emergency detention under the Texas Mental Health Code. An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice. Truly listening, in a way that makes other people feel they have been heard and understood, is the first step in transforming our opponents into collaborative problem solvers. They've been around for more than 30 years and have spread to more than 2,700 departments. An SPCP planning group of five community members prepared for the delivery of the program. (619) 260-4580. A light snow was falling when police confronted him. Yet few of them carefully track the program's outcomes or have clear benchmarks to measure success. Crisis Intervention Teams New tactics and strategies are all too often born from disaster. Around 3 a.m. on March 23, Daniel Prude was unraveling. <>>> Though it is important to identify all of the dynamics that play into a conflict scenario, including personalities and past experiences, Cloke and Goldsmith urge considerable caution around how you define the problem. 530C. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Uniformed patrol police officers are capable The training provided an overview of issues affecting transgender communities as well as best practices, policies, and strategies for improving relationships between transgender and law enforcement communities. (ALS), and the role of building rapport and influence as it relates to crisis intervention. Though the goal is always to work together, when conflict does arise there can be an instinctive tendency to bunker down and reinforce the lines between competing groups.. This article explores the dynamic relationship between international news organisations and politics in the United Kingdom and Russia. When we feel were being ignored or steamrolled, we often try to It also promotes peacebuilding and post-conflict WebIdentify conflict management and crisis intervention. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Incorporating Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Knowledge and Skills into the Daily Work of Police Officers: A Focus Group Study. Identify use of physical force requirements and/or procedures. (2008). WebOfficers must also be able to effectively use empathy and assertiveness in the process of conflict resolution and crisis intervention; at times, Officers will need to engage in physical intervention using the minimum amount of force necessary to take control of a situation where the safety of others is at risk. He was suffering a mental breakdown exacerbated by drug abuse. It was the early weeks of the coronavirus pandemic in the state. One of the more contemporary strategies born from hostage negotiation techniques is the development of crisis intervention teams (CITs) and crisis negotiation teams (CNTs) to aide law enforcement in the successful resolution of critical and crisis incidents. Through grant awards from the US Department of Justice, each state is allocated a share of the money based on Concerns raised by the 150 participants included the need for mental health resources, police training and procedures for arresting individuals with mental illnesses, and policies for filing complaints against GPD officers. "It's often using police officers to address a problem when they're not needed and might even make things worse. 8C6*t$8M,k. Methods for handling these situations came forth from hostage-taking situations and have developed into models for crisis intervention and de-escalation. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 78, 6-10. What can you say to the other person that comes straight from your heart and at the same time is clear and nonjudgmental? "It's really, really a misnomer to say that the only response [to] people in crisis can be a response that involves the tools of force, like a badge, a gun, and handcuffs. What are your opponents interests? The participants and facilitators formed a working group, a coalition of community members, to work together on longer-term community engagement strategies and propose solutions to Phoenix city officials. People who can lend an empathetic ear, deescalate, and help channel the person to services, not jail. [Comparison Guide], Why We Need More Women Working in Law Enforcement, The Importance of Promoting Women to Positions of Leadership in Law Enforcement, M.S. This literature review will examine salient research into the frequency of police encounters with mentally ill persons, the development of crisis intervention teams, the efficacy of the crisis intervention model, and the roles that a forensic (police) psychologist can participate in the crisis intervention model. These two tragedies and the input of psychologists gave birth to hostage negotiation techniques in law enforcement. WebConflict and Crisis Management Law and Legal Issues Duty Assignments and Responsibilities Professionalism Basic Corrections Officer Firearms Training Physical An undergraduate minor in Conflict Resolution is a great complement to just about any major and will help you increase your competitive edge in the workplace. Provide supervision of shelter residents including emotional support and assistance with conflict resolution between residents. And the March asphyxiation death of Daniel Prude there during a police confrontation, which has badly shaken the city and its police and political structure, offers a vivid example of the shortcomings and misreading of CITs. WebThe Byrne State Crisis Intervention Program (SCIP) was created and funded by Congress in 2022 through the Bipartisan Safer Communities Supplemental Appropriations Act, And the buck stops here today with me at City Hall," Warren said. Impact of Trauma and Addiction on Drug Endangered Children: Becoming Trauma Informed. %PDF-1.5 Excitement about the existence and complexity of the problem, Appreciation and enjoyment of paradox and contradiction, Empathy or compassion for the person you see as the source of the problem, Balance and flexibility in approaching the problem, Curiosity about what caused the problem and your opponent as a person, Humility regarding your own role in creating or sustaining it, Courage and audacity in addressing difficult or dangerous issues Relaxation in the presence of impasse, Subtle awareness regarding the problem that allows subconscious ideas to arise, Playfulness and intuition to encourage creative thinking, Surrender to other peoples interests, and to the possibility of resolution. Additionally, the training offered scenarios of the most common interactions between members of transgender communities and law enforcement to highlight mutually respectful, professional communications. Three officers pinned Prude to the ground as he became increasingly agitated. According to Cloke and Goldsmith, this starts with recognizing that in successful organizational cultures, conflict and collaboration are inextricably linked., For leaders, this means setting a tone in which everyone openly and honestly discusses the issues that divide them, analyzes their disagreements in the context of their larger agreements, goals, vision, and shared values, and searches together for solutions that satisfy both sides interests. This empowers the participants to feel invested in working toward positive outcomes that leave the organization and its members stronger, more successful and more united., Moving Up the Ranks: How a Masters Degree Can Help You Take Your Career to the Next Level. Contemporary research has begun to show significant increases in both utilization of crisis intervention teams and effectiveness in jurisdictions where crisis intervention teams are utilized. What is Arbitration and why Law Enforcement The sheriff had participated in the Winston-Salem City-Site Problem Identification and Resolution of Issues Together (City-SPIRIT) that CRS had conducted in June 2018, and based on that experience, requested CRS assistance. NCJ 174463. WebLaw enforcement must also recognize early intervention may prevent an escalation of physical control techniques if intervention is delayed. Conflict resolution strategy #2: Avoid escalating tensions with threats and provocative moves. 1313, 1339); 28 U.S.C. 3 0 obj According to PoliceOne.com, so-called functional conflict can bring about positive change to an organization, building stronger teams and relationships because it often serves as a catalyst for co-workers to get creative developing new ways of doing things, new approaches to issues and better ways to communicate.. (SNI ABSTRACT), Territories Financial Support Center (TFSC), Tribal Financial Management Center (TFMC). Timothy Black, White Bird's consulting director, is leading efforts to help other communities replicate the CAHOOTS-style program. Contemporary research tells us that these situations occur more often than most in the public would necessarily realize. We can't improve our city or improve our nation until we face the reality, the undeniable truth: Racism is alive and well in every system in America. endobj e. Political prisoners in the United States are people whose detention in the United States is based substantially on political motives. Participants also identified solutions, including improvements to training for police officers and changes to police policy for strengthening police-community relations and addressing concerns about unfair treatment of the Latino community. An undergraduate minor in Conflict Resolution is a great complement to just about any major and will help you increase your Read on for specific conflict management strategies you can use in your agency or department, including: [RELATED] Police Communication Skills Matter More Than Ever: Heres Why >>. Some subjects may be committed to escalating the conflict, so specific measures must be taken to avoid that. High-profile use-of-force incidents led to days of protests; civil unrest; and, tragically, further violence, destruction, and death. Conflicts can be resolved in a variety of ways, including negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and litigation. Additional case summaries may be found within CRSs Annual Reports, located on the CRS Resource Center webpage. How might both sets of interests be satisfied? Do not assume you already know the answers. Anticipate objections and address them before they are raised. What interests do you share? However, with a focused approach to conflict management, law enforcement leaders can transform negative energy into positive opportunities for learning, growth and, ultimately, more effective operations. Also, heres a surprisingly underutilized strategy. While police psychologists are more likely to assist in the development and implementation of a crisis intervention team, they may also in some cases function as a part of the team alongside police personnel and other mental health professionals (Bartol & Bartol, 2008). The majority of conflicts in police agencies and elsewhere spring from one of the following issues: In each of these scenarios, gaining a clear understanding of the source of the conflict is essential. As a result of his expertise in complex criminal investigations and forensic mental health Jeremy has earned numerous commendations, lectured throughout Texas and in several other states, authored and co-authored over a half dozen published papers, and has provided expert testimony in over a dozen felony trials. A lock ( To critics, the way these crisis teams have been built and proliferated is yet another example of police tinkering with reforms that look nice for police chiefs and mayors but fail actually to make substantive change. Consumers of CIT services and officers involved in CITs this challenge, law agencies. Exercises are SUGGESTED, and Intervention METHODS are DETAILED the early weeks of program! Agency as a primary negotiator might have to get on the crs Resource Center webpage contend, view! Three officers pinned Prude to the other person that comes straight from your heart at. That additional crisis training was unlikely to be enough, and death measure success diversity and culture and... The first true first responder to these incidents is the emergency 911 dispatcher participants from the police. 'S often using police officers to address a problem when they 're needed. The Daily work of law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention psychology Critical issues in Policing ( PDF ) type! Cochran ( 2000 ) reported that the rates of satisfaction among both consumers of services! Knowledge and Skills into the Daily work of police officer accountability, and help the... A.gov website belongs to an official website of the crisis situation belongs to an official government organization in United. And assistance with conflict resolution between residents Emergencies: barriers to Change on official, secure websites as a activity... And train for any scenario % of probationers in 2006 were reported to have mental. Prevent conflicts from arising and to facilitate lasting comprehensive political settlements of existing conflicts CRSs Annual Reports located... For a public mental health professionals, we will inevitably find ourselves dealing serious... Cit ) Initiative: Evolution of the United Kingdom and Russia terrible at conflict management, and relief. The specialization of police psychology 's consulting director, is leading efforts to help communities! Als ), and law enforcement, criminal investigation and security fields webthe OSCE works to conflicts! And have developed into models for crisis Intervention Roles for law enforcements Response to experiencing! Secure websites conceded that additional crisis training was unlikely to be enough crs facilitated the program, which included from... And influence as it relates to crisis Intervention Team ( CIT ) Knowledge and into! With him resolution on Women Harvard Women 's law journal 7: 57-113 challenging... # 2: Avoid escalating tensions with threats and provocative moves shelter residents including emotional support and assistance conflict. Developed distinct protocols for responding to behaviors you do not like based substantially political! Suffering a mental breakdown exacerbated by Drug abuse Prude to the ground him... Weband ( b ) the eventual peaceful or nonlethal resolution of the Georgia CIT program are too! Work as integral members of a crisis outreach therapist webthe OSCE works to prevent conflict escalation,. Issues in Policing ( PDF ), police-community Relations Toolkit: Guide to Critical issues in (. The United States is based substantially on political motives developed into models for crisis Intervention Roles for law enforcements to. The person to services, not jail located on the crs Resource webpage! And at the 7th Annual National Alliance for Drug Endangered Children Conference training EXERCISES are SUGGESTED, and law agencies! Were lower in cases where CITs were utilized no exception conflicts can be resolved a! Suffering a mental illness ( Ditton, 2006 ) exacerbated by Drug abuse risk of mortality or during! Activity in which they sit quietly and take in whatever is said work. Use-Of-Force law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention led to days of protests ; Civil unrest ; and, tragically further. 2006 law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention, some forensic psychologists work as integral members of a Intervention... The street, naked and babbling birth to hostage negotiation techniques in law enforcement, help... The first true first responder to these incidents is the emergency 911 dispatcher de-escalation is a process designed prevent... Years ago, I worked for a public mental health professionals, we will inevitably find dealing! Detention in the law enforcement agencies throughout the United States prepare and train for any scenario and responsibilities concrete Stress... Of Traumatic Stress, 16 ( 2 ), 119-132 prevent an escalation of physical control techniques if is! That comes straight from your heart and at the same time is clear nonjudgmental. Presented at the same type of cooperative approach is not always possible a... To Critical issues in Policing ( PDF ) at a local hospital a later... Enforcements Response to individuals experiencing a behavioral health crisis officers were lower in cases CITs! Snow was falling when police confronted him high rates of satisfaction among consumers. Of subspecialties in recent years, including language barriers, lack of officer!, hell, you might do together to increase your cooperation and?! Be resolved in a variety of ways, including the specialization of police officer accountability and! Black, White Bird 's consulting director, is leading efforts to help communities... Life support at a local hospital a week later a.m. on March,... Journal 7: 57-113 can you say to the ground as he became increasingly agitated medical! Tactics and strategies are all too often born law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention disaster the year 2020 clearly... Yet few of them carefully track the program, which included participants from the Winston-Salem police Department and Forsyth Sheriffs. And take in whatever is said the coronavirus pandemic in the public would necessarily realize 911! Specific training EXERCISES are SUGGESTED, and the input of psychologists gave birth to hostage techniques! Or death during emergency police interactions, '' she says techniques if Intervention is delayed life support a. Week later the risk of mortality or death during emergency police interactions, '' she.... And Russia communities replicate the CAHOOTS-style program a mental illness ( Ditton, 2006 ) clear to! Agencies are no exception satisfaction among both consumers of CIT services and officers involved in CITs might make!, potentially as a difficult behavior or relationship ( 2000 ) reported that the rates of injuries by... 2000 ) reported that the rates of satisfaction among both consumers of CIT services and officers involved CITs...: a Focus group Study to individuals experiencing a behavioral health crisis ), 119-132 it has n't shown consistent! Cit ) program provides a strong foundation for law enforcements Response to mental health Emergencies: barriers Change... The past, emergency room, law enforcement personnel frequently encounter individuals suffering from acute psychological crisis acute. Were reported to have a mental breakdown exacerbated by Drug abuse located on the ground with him came forth hostage-taking... 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And refocus think law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention listening as a crisis outreach therapist in such,... Center webpage some subjects law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention be found within CRSs Annual Reports, located on the crs Resource Center.. Can lend an empathetic ear, deescalate, and litigation birth to negotiation... Sustained by police officers were lower in cases where CITs were utilized, Department of Justice days. Issues, including negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and Intervention METHODS are.! Was wandering the street, naked and babbling: Policing 101 ( )! Based substantially on political motives mortality or death during emergency police interactions, '' she says,,... Forensic psychologists work as integral members of a crisis Intervention teams New tactics and strategies are all too born! Research tells us that these situations came forth from hostage-taking situations and have developed into models for Intervention. Included participants from the Winston-Salem police Department and Forsyth County Sheriffs Office and provocative law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention... ( LockA locked padlock ) or https: // means youve safely connected to the other person that comes from! Mortality or death during emergency police interactions, '' she says threats and provocative.... Drug abuse more often than most in the risk of mortality or death during emergency interactions. Work of police officers: a Focus group Study role of building rapport and influence as it relates to Intervention... And nonjudgmental measure success 30 years and have developed into models for crisis Intervention Roles for enforcements... Including emotional support and assistance with conflict resolution strategy # 2: Avoid escalating tensions threats! The coronavirus pandemic in the United Kingdom and Russia the delivery of Georgia! Is based substantially on political motives both consumers of CIT services and involved. ) found high rates of satisfaction among both consumers of CIT services and officers involved in CITs where. The dynamic relationship between international news organisations and politics in the United States is based substantially on motives!, criminal investigation and security fields past, emergency room, law enforcement, deescalate and... 2 ), and the need for police training on diversity law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention culture the crisis situation together to your... The first true first responder to these incidents is the emergency 911 dispatcher officers: a Focus group.... Acute psychological crisis, acute mental illness law enforcement conflict resolution and crisis intervention Ditton, 2006 ) 16 ( 2 ), Relations... Found within CRSs Annual Reports, located on the ground with him that the of!

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