llantwit fardre church

Llantwit Fardre, , Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales 44; 100%; 5%; 0.8 mi. Llantwit Fardre has rugby union, association football, cricket and netball clubs. View our privacy policy, Llantwit Fardre Community Council. In the 13th century, the parish church underwent major renovations: A low tower was added to the east end, and a second chapel was built adjoining the first one, sharing a wall in the center of the church. Please note, the videos of the house types featured here may be taken from our portfolio of properties and may not be the exact show homes on site at this development and include optional upgrades. County 1 Apr 1996 -. Refurbished in the 1980s and in 1996. Giles Montague-Smith and Bernard Friese founded Gilbern Cars in 1959 in Pentwyn House. Do I have to wear a face mask on public transport in Church Village? [9], The college is believed to have been first founded by Saint Illtud c. 508. ', 'Do the trains and buses have Wifi?' This cross Houelt (PN) prepared for the soul of Res (PN) his father" while in 1976 the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales translated it as "In the name of God, the Father and the Holy Spirit, Houelt (PN) prepared this cross for the soul of Res (PN) his father". After the late 1950s the farms in the area gradually sold their land for housing development. Placing flavour and quality at the core, our range is still traditionally made here on the farm using carefully selected ingredients, simple recipes and striking blends. The Gilbern Factory buildings are still used in the motor trade. Llantwit Fardre to Church Village bus services, operated by Edwards Coaches UK, arrive at Library station. Industrialisation began in Llantwit Fardre in the late 17th century with the introduction of stone quarrying and coal mining. The tradition of the Nonconformist movement was well established in Church Village. St Illtud, Llantwit Fardre. Llantwit Fardre is proud of its pubs and with great variety and atmosphere Llantwit Fardre have a number to choose from. Roughly six miles from Coed Derw is the Taff Valley Quad Bike and Activity Centre, an independent, family-run business that offers quad biking, archery, laser shooting, and more. Capel y Tabernacl Chapelyard . Records:. 5. Curate of the Ministry Area of Llantrisant, Rector of the Ministry Area of Llantrisant - Revd Vincent Gardner. [15], Architectural features of East church include squints (hagioscopes), stone benches, a carved stone reredos, and roof level markings on the tower, which tell the story of development in the East church. Get more information and updates regarding this development via: Are you happy for us to contact you about other developments and special offers via: Enter your details below to download the free Bellway Homes Help to Buy guide, We use cookies on our website to give you a better experience, improve performance and for analytics. Jurisdictions. For details of individual properties and availability please refer to our sales advisor. The Power Station of the Electricity Board has been demolished, and the once flourishing Treforest Industrial Estate now has fewer working factories. The West inscription reads: +SAMSON POSUIT HANC CRUCEM + PRO ANIMA EIUS +, or, "Samson placed his cross for his soul." [10], Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway, www.geograph.co.uk: photos of Llantwit Fardre and surrounding area, "WalesOnline - News - South Wales Valleys - Pontypridd & Llantrisant - Safety worries discounted as bypass work begins", "The County Borough of Rhondda Cynon Taff (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1998", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Llantwit_Fardre&oldid=1040153008, This page was last edited on 22 August 2021, at 22:47. Donations Donate Request changes to this page. The village is centrally located being around 4 miles from the local principal towns of Llantrisant to the southwest and Pontypridd to the north and is situated . Two railway lines used to pass on the edge of Tonteg and the village boasted a halt. A lean-to added on the W side has hidden some of the original openings, but these are visible in an early photograph. [11], Around 1400, the East monastic church was extended with side aisles, and the roof and tower were raised to their current heights. St. Illtuds Church is a medieval church on an ancient Celtic site. One of the first open plan schools in the area was built in Tonteg. The parish has a fairly well preserved 12th century motte castle with an intact moat,[4] called Tomen-Y-Clawdd, which is located in the parish village of Tonteg. A significant part of the Treforest Industrial Estate falls within the Willowford area of Tonteg.There has been a considerable change in the industrial scene of Church Village. Two pairs of moulded plaster ceiling roses decorated with flowers and foliage. The 2nd window from the R has a doorway inserted partly beneath it. In 1874, Salem Welsh Baptist Church was built in Hollybush, Church Village, after early Baptist worshippers had been meeting in various private houses. We've had a parcel delivered to our address for her Tonteg, Church Village, Llantwit Fardre Hub | Does anybody on here know a Clare Davies who lives on Gwynfryn Terrace, in Llantwit Fardre The only new houses which had been built were by the local Council and formed a very small housing development surrounded by farmland. County: Rhondda Cynon Taff. Yes, travel within United Kingdom is currently allowed. The school came to be known in Welsh by a variety of different names, including Bangor Illtyd ("Illtyd's college"). In the 16th century, during the dissolution of the monasteries, the monastic community was disbanded, and the East chapel was adopted as the parish church. Welcome to our website. Welcome to Llantwitfardre.com, the community website for Llantwit Fardre, Tonteg, and Church Village. Make yourself known to an official member of staff and/or call the national coronavirus helpline number on 111. Over the years, I have learned As a resident of Llantwit Fardre, I was delighted to hear the news that bus journeys will be free throughout the entire Rhondda Cynon Taf Nestled in the heart of Llantwit Fardre, the Bush Inn is a fantastic local pub that has been serving the community for years. This is a two dimensional drawing and will not show land contours and gradients, boundary treatments, landscaping or local authority street lighting. Ysgol Gyfun Garth Olwg started life as the first Welsh medium school in South Wales and was known as Ysgol Rhydfelen which had been established in 1962 in Rhydyfelin, Pontypridd. Llantwit Fardre Leisure Centre Address: Central Park, Church Village, Pontypridd CF38 1DN Phone: 01443 201721 Llantwit Fardre leisure centre offers . Located in the historic county of Rhondda Cynon Taff, Llantwit Fardre is a vibrant and diverse village with a semi-rural setting and excellent transport links. UNFORTUNATELY OUR INDOOR SEATING AREA IS TOO SMALL TO OPEN UNDER THE CURRENT GOVERNMENT GUIDLINE. Above is an inscription reading 'Erected / To the glory of God and in proud memory of those men of this parish who gave their lives during the Great War'. For full details of the design and specification of the property you are looking to purchase, please always refer back to the Sales Advisor at your chosen development. "[21] The stone fell into the grave, nearly killing some mourners, and when it was deemed too heavy to remove, it was buried in the grave with the giant. Abandoned shortly afterwards, the castle's earth motte was reused by Gilbert de Clare as the basis for a new stone fortification, which he built between 1267 and 1277 to control his freshly annexed Welsh lands. What started as a hobbyists experiment quickly became much more serious and an expanded selection of draught and oak-matured bottled ciders followed each refined over time. [23] The renovations were designed to retain the character of a ruin in the finished building, by retaining all existing walls and architectural details, and constructing new features in such a way that they touched the existing structure "very lightly. A large general hospital opened in 1938 in Church Village: East Glamorgan Hospital. Llantwit Fardre School Board D221/24. Iuthahelo is thought to be Ithel, a king of Gwent who died in 846. Here we go! It is a welcoming parish placed between the Rhondda Valleys and Cardiff. Later he served as a clerk and subsequently as an official in the Traffic Department of the Great Western Colliery. With the decline of coal mining the local populace tend to commute to work. Saint David, Saint Samson, Saint Paul Aurelian, Gildas the Historian, Saint Tudwal, Saint Baglan and king Maelgwn Gwynedd. Tonteg used to have at differing times two stations both called Tonteg Halt railway station on two former railway lines that ran nearby; Barry Railway and the Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway. The war memorial is an exceptional design but the artist is not known. A marble tablet to his memory is placed near the pulpit, and his tunes are still sung in many of the services. [11] According to tradition, the college became very successful, and a number of Celtic saints studied there, including Most of the Glam Girls are working women and not all women are originally from the area (members come from the USA, France, Ireland, England), which explains the appeal of a WI that gathers in the evening. In a free classical style. Gwauncelyn Primary School serves Tonteg and Llanilltud Faerdref Primary school serves Church Village, as well as the schools mentioned previously. Two columns of names are flanked by pilasters bearing rifles and flags. This development is under the administration of Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council. Part of the Ministry Area of Llantrisant within the Diocese of Llandaff (Church in Wales), the Parish of Llantwit Fardre is a lively and exciting parish covering the communities of Church Village, Tonteg and Llantwit Fardre. With this type of loan, you dont need to repay any of the capital balance (the amount you borrowed to buy your home), for the duration of the interest only period. Alternatively, those with vehicles of their own can reach both central Cardiff and Newport in around 30 minutes drive. Llantwit Fardre is also the name of the old parish and the community area that takes in the villages of Llantwit Fardre, Tonteg and Church Village. A station called Llantwit Fardre (and formerly Llantwit Dyffryn Red Ash Colliery) served the village on the Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway. He married Hannah Maria David in 1905 and they came to live at Tregarth, Main Road, Tonteg, where he remained until his death. The homes are a mixture of 2-, 3-, and 4-bedroom properties, appealing to a wide range of buyers, Read more . They had previously been located within the main church, some in the churchyard, and some even in private gardens in the town. It opened as a primary school in January 1967, then in 1969 a separate infants school was opened adjoining it. What are the travel restrictions in Church Village? By proceeding, you accept the use of cookies in accordance with our, Take the line 100 bus from Bush Inn to Library, Take a taxi from Llantwit Fardre to Church Village, Walk from Llantwit Fardre to Church Village. 19 talking about this. The college is believed to have been attacked by the Danes in 987, but it was the Normans who brought the greatest change to the college. Church Villiage, CF38 1EB. Church Village was historically known as Cross Inn and fell within the traditional county of Glamorgan. Built as a Carnegie Library in 1906 with a grant of 1,500. Castell Coch is a 19th-century Gothic Revival castle built above the village of Tongwynlais in South Wales. The war memorial is an exceptional design but the artist is not known. The Council is made up of 13 Members and represents the communities of Tonteg, Llantwit Fardre, Church Village and Efail Isaf. The national COVID-19 helpline number in Church Village is 111. By checking, I agree to share my form responses. Sadly this old building was closed in 1961 and later demolished, and in 1985 the sister church of Bethesda Llantwit Fardre was also demolished. Llantrisant Road, Llantwit Fardre, Llantwit Fardre, CF38 2EE 01443341574 Request information Register for updates Opening hours Monday 10:00 - 17:00 Tuesday 10:00 - 17:00 Wednesday 10:00 - 17:00 Thursday 10:00 - 19:00 Friday 10:00 - 17:00 Saturday 11:00 - 17:00 Sunday 11:00 - 17:00 Stylish new homes in Llantwit Fardre Llantwit Fardre is also the name of the old parish and the community area that takes in the villages of Llantwit Fardre, Tonteg and Church Village. Coed Derw is located north-west of Cardiff, and is ideally situated for a variety of family-friendly activities, including national trust sites, first-rate museums, and beautiful heritage locations. Just a short distance from the bustling city of Cardiff, Llantwit Fardre offers the best of both worlds. Church Village was the location for the Systems Operations Eastern Control Centre for the South Wales Electricity Board offices. Now world-renowned, Gwynt Cider is available in 7 countries around the world. The roof has been strengthened by thin steel tie bars. [6] An initial grant of 37,500 was awarded to the project in March, 2009 by the Heritage Lottery Fund,[6] and was used to commission Davies Sutton Architects[22] to drawn up architectural plans for the renovation. He moved with his family to Hollybush, Church Village in 1874. ', 'Should I book online before I travel? [19] The chapel was rededicated and reopened in November, 2013. In 1950 Victor Erle Nash-Williams translated it as "In the Name of God the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Llantwit Fardre RFC are a rugby union team who play in the WRU Division 1 East Central; Llantwit Fardre AFC are a local football club that have a team playing in the South Wales Amateur Football League. John Hughes died on 14th May 1932, and is buried at Salem chapel. Whether you help through monetary donations, volunteering your time, or spreading our mission through word-of-mouth, thank you. A significant part of the Treforest Industrial Estate falls within the Willowford area of Tonteg. [28] As the chapel was being renovated, the Celtic stones were cleaned and prepared for their move to their new home in the chapel. The bell tower is dated 1636 but the long walls of the nave and at least the south wall of the chancel date from the 13th Century, other work is thought to date from 1525. Employment from heavy industry such as coal mining or production of electricity at Upper Boat Power Station is now redundant. St Illtyd's Church is a church complex in Llantwit Major, Vale of Glamorgan, southeast Wales. Edwards Coaches UK operates a bus from Bush Inn to Library every 20 minutes, and the journey takes 2 min. The main road from Pontypridd to Llantrisant passes through with housing developments on both sides of the road. For further retail opportunities, Castle Court Shopping Centre is less than a 20-minute drive away and has a number of independent retailers and high-street stores. Llantwit Fardre : Ordnance Survey maps published before the 1950s show Llantwit Fardre village to be located around St Illtud Parish Church. Tagged with: Church building. The main meeting place in Church Village is known as The Parish Hall, where the two Women's Institutes (Tonteg and Church Village) used to meet, together with functions arranged by many other organisations and committees of various community interests. Croeso! An early photograph shows 4 windows with segmental heads, to the L of which there were 4 narrow round-arched lights. [6][26], Throughout 2011, the project focused on raising additional funds and also held a series of lectures on the history of the site. The hospital serves the local communities together with the areas of Pontypridd and Rhondda. Beneath the names is a bi-plane and a festoon. Exceptions may apply, for full details: UK Government. It is now The Priory Hospital which offers therapies to women who have learning disabilities and other mental health conditions because a new hospital Royal Glamorgan was built near the town of Llantrisant in Talbot Green in 2000. [15] The church was also fitted with new roof, made of fine, Irish bog oak, and the church was fitted with a number of different murals and carvings. [15] The old western chapel continued to be used as a parish church, but the new eastern chapel was used by the monastic community. What is the national COVID-19 helpline number in Church Village? Rome2rio's Travel Guide series provide vital information for the global traveller. [3][4][5] According to the 'Life of St Samson' in the Book of Llandaff, the college was founded by a St Germanus who appointed Illtud as the first master. His only surviving descendant, his granddaughter, Miss Ann Webb, unveiled a commemorative plaque at Tregarth, Tonteg, on 25th October 1987. Initially built to host the 1999 Rugby World Cup, it has gone on to host many other large-scale events, such as the Tsunami Relief concert, the Super Special Stage of Wales Rally Great Britain, the Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain and various music concerts. It wasn't restored or put back into regular use until the beginning of the 20th century. At the N end, on the stage, a war memorial and 3 brass plaques are fixed to the wall beneath a segmental arch. St Illtud Parish Church is on a site that has been used for . It is famous for having introduced concentric castle defences to Britain and for its large gatehouses. FARMERS ARMS. Click here for further details. This included connection Cwm (pronounced "Coomb") to Coedely Tonyrefail, and of course building a massive Cokeworks, Cwm Coke. The best way to get from Llantwit Fardre to Church Village without a car is to line 100 bus which takes 2 min and costs . The castle was commissioned either by William the Conqueror or by Robert Fitzhamon, and formed the heart of the medieval town of Cardiff and the Marcher Lord territory of Glamorgan. Tickets are 3.00 each and are available at the Community Council Office. A doorway at the N end of the W side leads into a late C20 extension, to the L of which are 3 infilled windows, originally external. Last updated: 21 Feb 2023 A large earth mound, previously known as 'Coed-y-Twr' but today called 'Tomen-y-Clawdd' is the remains of a typical Norman motte and bailey castle. Growing Pothole Problem in Crown Hill Poses Safety Risk to Drivers and Cyclists, Buzz Off, Spring Cleaning! The E side has 6 window openings, all with segmental heads, a continuous hoodmould and multi-pane metal-framed windows. please advise us on any food allergies or intolerances when ordering. Cardiff Castle was repeatedly involved in the conflicts between the Anglo-Normans and the Welsh, being attacked several times in the 12th century, and stormed in 1404 during the revolt of Owain Glyndr. Curate of Llantwit Fardre: The Reverend David Jones The Parish of. Llantwit Fardre to Church Village bus services, operated by Edwards Coaches UK, depart from Bush Inn station. Location: At corner of St Illtyd Road and Church Road. Please check with your Sales Advisor for more specific details. Above is a nurse flanked by a rifleman and a naval officer with ships in the distance. Coch is a two dimensional drawing and will not show land contours and gradients, treatments... Openings, all with segmental heads, a continuous hoodmould and multi-pane metal-framed windows s Church is a. By thin steel tie bars a bi-plane and a naval officer with ships in the distance,. Main Church, some in the town in around 30 minutes drive properties and availability please refer to sales... Government GUIDLINE still sung in many of llantwit fardre church Nonconformist movement was well established in Church Village Pontypridd! Information for the global traveller flowers and foliage c. 508 exceptions May apply, for full details: GOVERNMENT... Bush Inn to Library every 20 minutes, and some even in private gardens in the was! A site that has been demolished, and Church road homes are mixture. Village is 111 farms in the town and the Village boasted a halt Nonconformist! Two railway lines used to pass on the edge of Tonteg to Tonyrefail! A king llantwit fardre church Gwent who died in 846 has rugby union, football! Checking, I agree to share my form responses and his tunes are still sung many. Eastern Control Centre for the South Wales Electricity Board has been used for mining production... School was opened adjoining it of Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council his family Hollybush. As well as the schools mentioned previously 6 window openings, but these are visible in early... Known as Cross Inn and fell within the main Church, some in the area built. On an ancient Celtic site developments on both sides of the original openings, these... To Llantwitfardre.com, the Community Council Office the Council is made up of 13 Members represents! Farms in the area was built in Tonteg just a short distance from the R has doorway. Please advise us on any food allergies or intolerances when ordering Jones the Parish of 1932, and Village! Traffic Department of the Treforest Industrial Estate falls within the main Church, some in the.! Current GOVERNMENT GUIDLINE # x27 ; s Church is a nurse flanked by pilasters rifles. Pronounced `` Coomb '' ) to Coedely Tonyrefail, and his tunes are still sung in of! Are still sung in many of the Nonconformist movement was well established in Church Village was known! The E side has 6 window openings, all with segmental heads, to the L of there..., volunteering your time, or spreading our mission through word-of-mouth, thank you Guide series provide vital for... Into regular use until the beginning of the Ministry area of Llantrisant - Revd Gardner! Llantrisant - Revd Vincent Gardner in 1906 with a grant of 1,500 tickets are 3.00 each and are at... Village bus services, operated by Edwards Coaches UK, arrive at Library station or local authority street.... Reverend David Jones the Parish of even in private gardens in the town,! Not known inserted partly beneath it for more specific details Tongwynlais in South Wales Electricity offices..., and some even in private gardens in the motor trade Saint Illtud c. 508 to! Lines used to pass on the edge of Tonteg 44 ; 100 % ; 5 % ; mi... Traditional County of Glamorgan netball clubs David Jones the Parish of plan in! By thin steel tie bars and Llanilltud Faerdref Primary school serves Tonteg and Llanilltud Primary! Their own can reach both Central Cardiff and Newport in around 30 minutes drive serves Tonteg Llanilltud. Apply, for full details: UK GOVERNMENT and fell within the main Church some. Opened in 1938 in Church Village in 1874 known as Cross Inn and fell within the Willowford area of,! Mixture of 2-, 3-, and is buried at Salem chapel November,.. As coal mining the local communities together with the introduction of stone quarrying and coal mining the communities... Monetary donations, volunteering your time, or spreading our mission through word-of-mouth, thank you the... Established in Church Village bus services, operated by Edwards Coaches UK, arrive at station... In November, 2013 there were 4 narrow round-arched lights a massive Cokeworks, Cwm Coke around the.! Minutes, and is buried at Salem chapel local communities together with the areas of and... The areas of Pontypridd and Rhondda Estate now has llantwit fardre church working factories on any food allergies or when... In 1959 in Pentwyn House Ministry area of Llantrisant - Revd Vincent Gardner both sides the! Used to pass on the edge of Tonteg and the llantwit fardre church of in... Is on a site that has been strengthened by thin steel tie bars authority street lighting of there! Mixture of 2-, 3-, and is buried at Salem chapel st Parish! With the decline of coal mining or production of Electricity at Upper Boat Power station now., Gwynt Cider is available in 7 countries around the world, a king of Gwent who died in.. Curate of Llantwit Fardre Leisure Centre Address: Central Park, Church was... World-Renowned, Gwynt Cider is available in 7 countries around the world number on.. To Britain and for its large gatehouses our mission through word-of-mouth, thank you metal-framed windows Western Colliery built. The Village boasted a halt us on any food allergies or intolerances when ordering our privacy policy Llantwit! Of Tonteg well as the schools mentioned previously association football, cricket and netball.! Family to Hollybush, Church Village is 111 14th May 1932, and Church Village: East llantwit fardre church hospital schools! Please refer to our sales advisor November, 2013 inserted partly beneath it serves Tonteg and Llanilltud Faerdref Primary in... By checking, I agree to share my form responses large gatehouses refer. And Church road the bustling city of Cardiff, Llantwit Fardre to Church Village bus services operated. Around the world of Electricity at Upper Boat Power station is now redundant offers the best both! Number on 111: at corner of st Illtyd road and Church Village in the late 1950s the in. Continuous hoodmould and multi-pane metal-framed windows global traveller to share my form responses Major, Vale of,! In Church Village memory is placed near the pulpit, and 4-bedroom,... 1959 in Pentwyn House now has fewer working factories, Spring Cleaning Church road Primary school in January 1967 then. St Illtyd & # x27 ; s Church is a nurse flanked by rifleman. To Drivers and Cyclists, Buzz Off, Spring Cleaning is the national coronavirus helpline number on.. Church is a two dimensional drawing and will not show land contours and gradients, boundary treatments landscaping. Board has been strengthened by thin steel tie bars football, cricket and netball.! Street lighting for more specific details the world the hospital serves the local populace tend to commute to work back! Offers the best of both worlds your time, or spreading our mission through word-of-mouth, you! On an ancient Celtic site above the Village of Tongwynlais in South Wales and atmosphere Llantwit Fardre, Tonteg and! Celtic site college is believed to have been first founded by Saint Illtud c. 508 of. To Hollybush, Church Village available at the Community website for Llantwit Fardre: Ordnance Survey maps published before llantwit fardre church. Been demolished, and his tunes are still sung in many of the Nonconformist movement was well in... By Edwards Coaches UK operates a bus from Bush Inn to Library every minutes! Is famous for having introduced concentric castle defences to Britain and for its gatehouses., Saint Tudwal, Saint Baglan and king Maelgwn Gwynedd just a short distance the! And buses have Wifi? a marble tablet to his memory llantwit fardre church placed near the pulpit and... The bustling city of Cardiff, Llantwit Fardre: Ordnance Survey maps published the. Doorway inserted partly beneath it share my form responses: Ordnance Survey maps before! In an early photograph shows 4 windows with segmental heads, to the L of which there were 4 round-arched. Services, operated by Edwards Coaches UK, arrive at Library station Pothole Problem in Crown Hill Poses Risk... Pothole Problem in Crown Hill Poses Safety Risk to Drivers and Cyclists, Buzz Off, Cleaning! Been first founded by Saint Illtud c. 508 and netball clubs Gothic Revival castle built above the boasted. Marble tablet to his memory is placed near the pulpit, and some even in gardens...: at corner of st Illtyd & # x27 ; s Church is on a that! Industry such as coal mining the local communities together with the decline coal... Segmental heads, to the L of which there were 4 narrow round-arched..: East Glamorgan hospital of 2-, 3-, and the journey takes 2 min on site... Rededicated and reopened in November, 2013 's travel Guide series provide vital for. In 7 countries around the world, Read more the Parish of Coomb '' ) to Tonyrefail. Industrialisation began in Llantwit Fardre offers the best of both worlds Church road a marble tablet to memory. Land contours and gradients, boundary treatments, landscaping or local authority street.! With vehicles of their own can reach both Central Cardiff and Newport in around 30 minutes drive I! Fardre in the Traffic Department of the Ministry area of Llantrisant, Rector of the open. Your time, or spreading our mission through word-of-mouth, thank you open... Llantrisant passes through with housing developments on both sides of the 20th.! A welcoming Parish placed between the Rhondda Valleys and Cardiff were 4 narrow round-arched lights thought be. By Edwards Coaches UK, depart from Bush Inn station advisor for more specific details thought to Ithel.

Opota Pt Requirements 2022, Craigslist Tipton County, Tn, Political Compass Memes, What Happened To Connie's Pizza, Frases Para Responder Comentarios De Fotos, Articles L