Market hunting decimated the states population by the late 1800s. This graph shows the estimated deer density of each wildlife area, separated by region. Mule deer are found in the central mountains and southern deserts of the state, while white-tailed deer are most populous in the northern forested areas. This includes plant shoots, legumes, cacti, leaves, grasses, fruit, corn, acorns and mushrooms. Right now all we have is a density map for south-central Tennessee. Georgia Wildlife Resources Division: deer hunting information. The main noticeable difference between the mule deer and the white-tailed deer are ear size, tails, and antlers. White-tailed deer were plentiful in Illinois during the early 1800s, but supply began to dwindle by 1850 with the development of the railroads, cutting of timber and conversion of prairie land to farm land. As conservation efforts increased, deer restocking programs helped bring in just over 4,000 deer from other states between 1928 and 1992. Because while it isnt as good as it once was due to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), it still continues to surpass expectations. Recently the state has been increasing their any-deer (does or bucks) permits in an effort to bring down the population due to complains about too many deer and high levels of Lyme disease in certain areas. The distribution of hunted deer is about 60% mule deer and 40% Coues deer. The estimated population total today is 427,500 mule deer and white-tailed deer. Like many states, Oklahoma had nearly lost all its deer by the early 1900s. While nobody knows exactly what the deer population was before the European settlers showed up, it is believed there are many more today than there were historically. The mule deer working group lists the 2021 population in the badlands at 21,000. The first game laws restricting hunting went into effect in 1853. White-tailed deer prefer the more agricultural and upland areas of the state, whereas the sika deer prefer marshes and forested wetlands. In the late 1800s, India gifted eight Axis deer to King Kamehameha V. These eight ended up on Molokai and have since been introduced to most of the other Hawaiian islands. Missouri Department of Conservation: deer hunting regulations. We also share helpful tips and guides on a variety of topics related to animals and nature. Whereas the size of white-tailed deer can vary greatly, mule deer dont show as much of a difference across their range. Land area is based on current information in the . Coverage of the state was relatively complete during this effort, and deer populations were successfully established statewide (Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency 1991). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife: White-tailed deer in Maine. Deer were in trouble in Florida with low populations between the 1700s and 1940s due to unregulated hide trading, hunting and a cattle-fever tick scare that caused mass deer removal. However, thats still a decent number. The map contains information from 2001 to 2005, with noticeable changes since the development of the first deer density map made by QDMA in 2001. Thing have come a long way from the first post-conservation deer estimate of 500-700 deer in 1936. The Deer density map shows our area to have at best 30 deer per sq. Deer are browsers, eating young vegetation and twigs of shrubs and young trees. Click here for more deer hunting articles and videos. Hunting expenditures in 2001 resulted in an economic impact of $654,682,000 (USFWS 2001). An article published in November of 2021 in the CT Insider quotes the CT DEEP stating that the three year average for total deer population in the state is 101,000. Upwards of 400,000 deer are hunted in the state each year. Mule deer are classified as the species Odocoileus hemionus, the Rocky-Mountain mule deer. In response to the growing popularity of quality deer management (QDM), the Agency has continually researched QDM initiatives. As mentioned, some areas will be higher and some will be lower. Mule deer make up the majority, with white-tailed deer mainly found in eastern parts of the state and a few pockets in central and mountain areas. 2021 data shows an estimated mule deer population of about 84,000 90,000 in Nevada. Deer Harvests by County / WMA. 2009. White-tailed deer in Florida tend to be a little smaller than in other states, due in part to the warm climate. The Vermont fish & wildlife page reports that the pre-hunt estimate for white-tailed deer population in the state was approximately 133,000. Texas: 5.5 million Texas is home to around 225,000 mule deer and millions of white-tail deer. However, I truly expected to see Kansas higher on the list since it is in fact a draw state in comparison to Oklahomas over-the-counter status. A comparison of buck age structure from annual deer harvest suggests that the Tennessee deer herd compares favorably with those states with more restrictive buck regulations. But it is a really solid figure. Tennessee Age Dependency 62.9 Age Dependency Ratio 26.6 Old Age Dependency Ratio 36.3 Child Dependency Ratio Tennessee Sex Ratio Tennessee Population by Age Show Source By the turn of the century people began to realize they needed conservation programs or the deer would go the way of the buffalo. performance.franklintn.gov | Last Updated 2021-07-26T18:03:35.000Z. We searched 702 plots (10-m radius), collecting 352 pellet-group samples on 197 of the plots. Deer hunting is a huge sport in the state, and the 2020-21 season saw a whopping 435,180 deer harvested, one of the largest in the country. In Tennessee, white-tailed deer are found throughout the entire State. In the early 1900s not many deer remained in Alabama after overhunting, estimates were down to about 2,000. Estimated Harvest per 100 Hunter-days, by Species. The white-tailed deer has a reddish-brown coat in the spring which fades to a grayish-brown coat during the fall and winter. Their tail is thinner than the white-tailed deer, with a distinctive black tip at the bottom. The TWRA page states that the deer population has expanded from just a few counties in eastern Tennessee during the 1940s to being present in all 95 counties state-wide today. Key deer are the smallest subspecies of white-tailed deer in North America, weighing only about 55-65 pounds. When too many deer are in one environment, they can be a detriment by not allowing plants to grow to maturity or even completely wiping out a species of plant from an ecosystem. They were essential as a source of food, clothing, tool materials and currency for Native Americans and European settlers. . Wildlife Management Area (WMA) Maps This map is intended as a guide only, and its content is subject to change without notice. The map is intended to reflect the approximate boundaries of the TWRA Huntable Lands generally available for the use of sportsmen/sportswomen with proper licenses. (3.63 psm) Basically total reported deer kill is 40% of the total deer . Deer where nearly extirpated from the state by the early 1900s, with only a few thousand left in remote pockets. The Oklahoman reports the estimated deer population today at around 750,000. The white-tailed deer is the most common game species in the state today, however hunting was banned between 1841 and 1954 to allow the population to rebound after a huge decline in the early to mid 1800s. The good news seems to be that the white-tailed deer numbers have recovered from the hit they took in 2012-2013 from a bad outbreak of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD). White-tailed deer are mainly found in the Black Hills, Bighorn Basin and Riverton regions. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission: information for hunting in Florida. But, when its all said and done and the numbers shake out, Iowa only has 6.3 deer per square mile. The average live weight for adult males in Tennessee is 140 pounds, and average the live weight size for females is 100 pounds. The main deer population in Utah is mule deer, with a 2021 estimate of 314,850. 6 to 7 spot. Total deer killed in a county (wilkinson) (1644) divided by the # of total land square miles (452) in that county ,taking into account that the total legal reported harvest should be 35% of the total deer killed and another 5% for road kill,predation. Based on hunting data the white-tailed deer population in 2017 was about 135,000. Walters, Brian F.; Woodall, Christopher W.; Russell, Matthew B.. (2016). However Texas is also home to mule deer, who live in the Trans-Pecos and Panhandle regions. Deer farming creates high-density populations of deer, making it an ideal environment for transmitting CWD. Like most deer, black-tail browse on what vegetation is available in each season. Alaska Department of Fish & Game: deer hunting information and regulations. Black-tailed deer in their native Pacific northwest range live in dense coastal rainforest and semi-open habitats including riparian forest (along river banks) and areas of tangled shrubs and thicket. Outdoor Alabama: Deer hunting information and regulations. There are eight accepted subspecies in the U.S., including the two black-tailed species. Found in forests as well as the suburbs, deer are often thought to have spiritual meaning and can bring nature close to home since they are often seen in backyards and neighborhoods. From 1940 to 1985 over 9,000 deer were released into various counties and wildlife management areas of Tennessee. Wildlife Informer is reader-supported. Furthermore, they salivate excessively and have an increased pulse, respiration rate, and temperature. We couldnt find any hard numbers and its likely an estimate has not yet been made. Digitized white-tailed deer densities for the continental United States. "We saw a record harvest for the 2020-21 deer season of 216,835," said Ralph Meeker, deer program coordinator with the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. Bonus reads:Top 10 Booner States for Deer Hunting Since 2010 |10 Worst Deer Hunting States to Kill a Booner |Top 15 Deer Hunting States for Meat Hunters. These sika deer were originally from Japan and were released from private property in Maryland during the early 1900s. In 1974 the state passed the Deer Management Act and had its first deer hunting season the following year. Despite these high harvests, the population still remains pretty stable. The antlers are used during the breeding season to compete for breeding females. Bogart, GA. 68 pp. Density mapping using GIS tools has become relatively easy to do. Although, young females may stay with their mothers for an extended amount of time and ultimately overlap her home range. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. Once the antlers are fully developed, the males rub the velvet off, exposing the bone antlers. Deer Harvesting Rates Determining the Best Counties This map below is a comparison between the counties in Tennessee with the highest deer population density and the highest harvest rates. To try and combat this, the state has a community deer management assistance program, that includes additional licenses hunters can obtain to harvest deer on private properties, with landowner permission. It also says hunters harvest a whopping 280,000 deer each year, on average. This number can drift up and down depending on the severity of the winter and how many harsh or mild winters there may be in a row. With the overall deer herd increasing at an estimated rate of 1-2% per year, and especially with the anticipated herd growth in eastern and far western Tennessee in the next few years, it will become more difficult to harvest the necessary number of does with little or no growth in hunter numbers. 2021 population numbers listed by the state estimate 293,950 mule deer and 212,814 white-tailed deer. Its important to understand that within these states, actual populations will be different. See table on backside of brochure for bag limits. According to this article, the DNREC estimated the deer population at the start of the 2020-21 season at 45,000 white-tailed deer. It should not be interpreted as representing legal property boundaries. Digitization of white-tailed deer densities during 1982 in the United States. That leaves you with the average number of whitetails per square mile. Black Bear Age Harvest Data. With no natural predators the population boomed. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Tennessee: 900,000 Tennessee's deer are all white-tails. Deer populations are actually higher than they were historically in many areas, or they are at the point of exceeding the carrying capacity of their local environment. Apparently people feeding deer, especially during the winter, has been an issue in the state. Fluorescent orange is required in Unit CWD. Deer become infected after being bitten by a midge carrying the virus. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Deer friendly reports a white-tailed deer population of 72,900 in 2019 based on hunting data. South Dakota Game, Fish & Parks: deer hunting information. Their successful strategy has brought the estimated deer population today to about 500,000. Unlike white-tailed deer, some mule deer are migratory. According to the states department of fish and wildlife, since the early 90s the deer population has stayed between 400,000 and just under 700,000. Importing of white-tailed deer from Michigan began in 1930 to strategic habitats. These viruses are transmitted through a biting fly or midge in the genusCulicoides. Montana has a large population of two types of deer, the mule deer and the white-tailed deer. With 18.4 deer per square mile, its hard to argue against its validity. They are most populous on the western Great Plains, in the Rocky Mountains, the southwestern states, and on the west coast of North America. It is a tough balance for the Axis deer on the islands. General Info. Not likely. An official website of the United States government. The mule deer working group estimates the 2021 mule deer population at 330,700. While populations still continue to fluctuate due to habitat loss, weather, disease and other factors, it remains in the hundreds of thousands. However they are not out of the woods with continued habitat loss and disease (such as the 2017 screwworm epidemic that killed a large portion of male Key deer) threatening their numbers. Growth has boomed since with an estimated population today of 700,000 750,000 white-tailed deer. Additional Sources used in this article : WildlifeInformer.com is your #1 source for free information about all types of wildlife and exotic pets. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2019-0053. However the Alaska Department of Fish and Game says that they are both crossing the border with Canada and starting to colonize. Purpose: Digitization of white-tailed deer densities during 1982 in the United States. The largest deer are often found along the northern portions of their range, while the tiny Key Deer of Florida barely make it to 100 pounds. White-tailed deer density estimates across the eastern United States, 2008. Overall the state reports the population is currently stable or slightly declining. Factors causing deer populations to grow in recent years include expansion of homes into rural areas that are hospitable for deer but are not suitable for hunting. Population has been on a slow increase for many years. Population expansion is expected at about 1-2% each year in the near future, how some areas of middle and west Tennessee may be trying to lower the deer numbers to a more manageable level. Because of this permits and licenses are becoming more flexible opening up new opportunities for the states hunters. Land area updated every 10 years. Minnesota only harbors 9.4 deer per square mile. Arkansas Game & Fish Commission: deer hunting information. The lower deer density is also reflected in lower harvest numbers just as is the case in Region 3. Strict measure were taken to improve this, including closing all hunting for many years, restocking from other states, and cracking down on enforcing regulations. While the white-tailed deer more or less stop east of the Rocky Mountains, the mule deer take over west of the Rockies. And while Minnesota isn't what it used to be, it still does well and cranks out good harvest numbers each year. Comments: Larvae and nymphs feed on birds and small rodents, while adult ticks feed on deer and other wildlife. The total population estimate for deer living in the U.S. is approximately 35-36 million. 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