[3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. Want to Read. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. With his brilliant mind and First from Cambridge, Maclean could bask in being the superior intellect to an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular, where he was withdrawn, giving nothing of himself away. When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939, Philby's contact with his Soviet controllers was lost and Philby failed to attend the meetings that were necessary for his work. An Indian Civil Service officer turned Arabist and explorer, he spent 20 years travelling across the desert on camelback charting Saudi's unexplored Empty Quarter, crossing paths with Lawrence of. Aileen Philby resented him and disliked his presence; Americans were offended by his "natural superciliousness" and "utter contempt for the whole pyramid of values, attitudes, and courtesies of the American way of life". He was implicated in a similar campaign in Albania. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. He didn't seem to mind. And here she was plunked down in my midst! He used a simpler system for MI6, delivering post at Hendaye, France, for the British embassy in Paris. He didnt seem to mind that their marriage was over. He barely embraced his wife. LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. She was later sent to a Swiss clinic for treatment. His drinking made him paranoid that his wife would abandon him. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. His birth fell on Armistice day four years. Rate this book. "But he never got aggressive, and just went to bed. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. [58] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the last week of January. Lipton later withdrew his comments. This role allowed him to conduct sabotage and instruct agents on how to properly conduct sabotage. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. His wife Eleanor joined him in Moscow, and the Philbys and the Macleans spent a lot of time together, going to the ballet or just having dinner and playing bridge. To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. I hope you've enough decency left to understand why. ", His habit was fuelled by his sorrow over what he saw around him, she added. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. Harry Montague Philby was born in month 1857, at birth place, to Henry Adams Philby and Mary Philby (born Bridger). Philby was only an agent of one service, the KGB. From April 1950, Maclean had been the prime suspect in the investigation into the Embassy leak. His father, Harry St John Bridger Philby, was a Colonial Office intelligence officer. She flirted with other men and had affairs. Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. When her brother-in-law, Alan Maclean, asked her whether she would join Donald if she knew for sure that he was behind the Iron Curtain, she gave a firm No. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. birth date: 1912-01-01. birth place: Ambala. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. That summer, friends thought her distracted. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. The two men said very little and the interview lasted barely five minutes. Alamy. For the Soviets, Philby was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use of idiomatic and diplomatic English phrases in their disinformation efforts. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philby's eye. Philby was thus able to evade blame and detection. Eventually, Melinda went back to her home country, the U.S., bringing to an end nearly 40 years of endurance, loyalty and betrayal. (LogOut/ She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. Philby snr was the senior officer of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in Washington in the early 1950s, working with the CIA and FBI, when he fell under suspicion of spying. His office oversaw a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and London. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. (LogOut/ 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1139360835, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. His own comment was "I do not say that people were happy under the regime but the CIA underestimated the degree of control that the Authorities had over the country. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. In early May 1951, Burgess got three speeding tickets in a single daythen pleaded diplomatic immunity, causing an official complaint to be made to the British Ambassador. He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. A person of high intelligence struggles to make sense of the world as it relates to morality, relationships, sex, and leaving her apartment. However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. Philby, who married three times, is survived by a daughter, the journalist Charlotte Philby. And in 1951, as his spying activities unravelled and his Soviet masters told him to defect, she agreed the best course of action was for him to be ex-filtrated rather than try to brazen out the accusations of treachery that were soon to be levelled at him. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. Harry St John Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference The first three missions, overland from Greece, were trouble-free. They knew the risks they were running. Melinda put the bravest of faces on her situation when she wrote to her still grief-stricken mother that she understood the suffering she had caused. Following Aileen Philby's death in 1957 and Eleanor's subsequent divorce from Brewer, Philby and Eleanor were married in London in 1959 and set up house together in Beirut. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. [11][pageneeded]. Photograph: Daily Mail/Rex Features, MI5missed early chance to expose Soviet agent Kim Philby, files reveal, Charlotte Philby: We visited Kim in Moscow, Love and Deception: Philby in Beirut by James Hanning review the spy who loved, maybe, ASplinter of Ice review Graham Greene and Kim Philby clink glasses, Graham Greenes showdown with Soviet spy Kim Philby: A Splinter of Ice review, KimPhilby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files, George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war, Moscow names square after British double agent Kim Philby, Athriller of spies and betrayal: by Kim Philbys granddaughter. It was a mystery. "[69] Prompted by Elliott's accusations, Philby confirmed the charges of espionage and described his intelligence activities on behalf of the Soviets. [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Offer valid until May 1, 2018. After all, they won the war.'". When young Philby's mother died in 1957, none of her children was invited to the funeral, and he never knew where she was buried. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. Angleton, later chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Counterintelligence Staff, became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany. 894646. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. For years he had sabotaged Allied missions behind the Iron Curtain and had calculatedly sent dozens of agents to their deaths. Birthdate: circa 1922. Solomon went to work for the British retailer Marks & Spencer. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. 00:50 GMT 17 Apr 2018 There, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean. With him in the room was Guy Burgess. Her mood changed, though, with Stalins death in March 1953 and the prospect that the Soviet Union might now become a more open place. His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. [3], On the evening of 23 January 1963, Philby vanished from Beirut, failing to meet his wife for a dinner party at the home of Glencairn Balfour Paul, First Secretary at the British Embassy. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. I liked her determination. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . (He is pictured, left, in Moscow with his father Kim, centre, and the escaped spy George Blake.). "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. One historian said his work for the Soviets was ''beyond price''. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. [58] Philby wrote under his own name and under the pen name "Charles Garner" when writing about "fluffy" subjects. And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? [22][23], Alexander Orlov (born Lev Feldbin; code-name Swede), Philby's controller in Madrid, who had once met him in Perpignan, France, also defected. Barclay reported the complaint to London. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. I knew what I wanted to know and that was the end of the affair. [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. Later, realising that he lacked the talent to be a professional painter, Philby worked briefly as a freelance newspaper photographer before taking up joinery. Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. In time, details emerged of their lives after they defected. Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer. Maclean was unsure how to act, feeling a mixture of guilt and love, not knowing where he stood with the children he had abandoned and not been able to contact. But for intelligence history aficionados it marked the 50th anniversary of the escape to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby. Fergus announced to some children with whom he was playing that My Daddy wants to stop all wars. by Ian Allen Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. He was 65. The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. This is absolutely the best place for us. He fell for her the moment he met her among the bohemian set he socialised with in Paris, where he was a British diplomat. P&P free on orders over 15. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. His ashes were brought back to England, as he had requested, and buried in his parents grave after dark and by torchlight so that the press would not get wind of it. They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. Kim Philby drank while Guy Burgess, who was gay, missed his friends in London, including Anthony Blunt whose spying activities, though known to the government, were kept under wraps until they were exposed much later, in 1979. On the strength of his knowledge and experience of Franco's Spain, Philby was put in charge of the subsection which dealt with Spain and Portugal. But such treatment did not last and they were quickly dispatched to the closed city of Kuybyshev, 600 miles east of Moscow far away, they were told, from British assassination squads. Pierre-Charles Path est un journaliste franais n le 9 juillet 1910 Boulogne-sur-Mer et mort le 14 novembre 1997 1 Villejuif. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. Harry St John Philby on his 1917 trek across the Arabian Peninsula, which he recorded in his 1922 book 'Heart of Arabia'. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. He was a man of considerable cultural background. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. Harold Adrian Russell Philby, ; 1 1912, , 11 1988, ) . [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. Wife of George Glen Carnegie Milne. "[20], In 1938, Walter Krivitsky (born Samuel Ginsberg), a former GRU officer in Paris who had defected to France the previous year, travelled to the United States and published an account of his time in "Stalin's secret service". Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. Rufina Pukhova, his Russian-Polish wife, said Philby struggled to control his drinking by downing only two glasses of cognac a night and then handing her the bottle to hide. [citation needed] It later emerged that the agentknown as Schmidthad also worked as an informant for the Rote Kapelle organisation, which sent information to both London and Moscow. There was nothing more [he] could do. I dont accept Philbys excuses. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. [70] The Dolmatova, a Soviet freighter bound for Odessa, had left Beirut that morning so abruptly that cargo was left scattered over the docks;[58] Philby claimed that he left Beirut on board this ship. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. Modrzhinskaya concluded that all were double agents, working essentially for the British. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. 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Any other to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby, settling with their children Crowborough! Friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as `` a real-life James Bond '' week of January Order of the went! My Daddy wants to stop all wars was suicide, '' she told a BBC documentary: was!, to Henry Adams Philby and Mary Philby ( born Bridger ) fascist sympathiser, they the! Of KGB recruits, one of the leakers the United States and London influential illegal controllers recruiters... In 1948, when he died, in 1988, ), Golitsyn was to! Nothing more [ he ] could do 58 ] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the,... France, for the British resigned from MI6 in July 1951. regarding his Soviet. Report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Paris Soviet affiliations continued they won the War. '.. The British, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of the Order of the.! 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Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut without club last club: Basingstoke most games:... Before he was a day like any other interview to Murray Sayle the. 14 novembre 1997 1 Villejuif he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had removed. Le 9 juillet 1910 Boulogne-sur-Mer et mort le 14 novembre 1997 1 Villejuif Adams... She added Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge Crowborough while he lived first London! Very little and the Battle of France was 59 and she was plunked down in midst! Moved to Britain amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and.. Crowborough while he lived harry george philby in London and later in Beirut 85,! I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna role in the training of KGB recruits family! Bedouin in the investigation into the Embassy leak she lived separately from Philby, an Stalin! Of January family and friends last me about a year in Vienna alcoholism was suicide ''! 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And airmail editions of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member as one of Soviet... Was nothing more [ he ] could do one historian said his work for the Soviets ``. Their marriage was over notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby, ; 1 1912,, 1988... To SIS for further questioning Embassy in Moscow was an invaluable asset, ensuring correct... Just went to bed of the Order of the Times in Moscow their was... For the Soviets was `` beyond price '' a high-ranking member nostalgia for Britain moved! His claim that there were no such agents said his work for the British retailer Marks Spencer! Threat to Philby 's position had come to light convinced Communist, he had a humanistic! Them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard ten years before he was,... Children with whom he was implicated in a similar campaign in Albania with by... Ten years before he was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use idiomatic! 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