She served two nonconsecutive two-year terms as governor: January 20, 1925 January 17, 1927. The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit. He maintained his. And she won. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. The Legislature is aghast at the meddling with the flagship state university. This is why I so often say, Im W. F. Strong, these are Stories from Texas some of them are astonishingly true., 2021 Texas Standard. The regents refused. This led to a special session being called by the Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. Tags In 1920 he was an unsuccessful candidate for President on his own American party ticket. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. Double your gift when you give by 6 p.m. Thursday. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. Encyclopedia.com. (February 23, 2023). James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. When he was four years old, his father died. Ferguson declared that the Legislature was nothing more than a kangaroo court," resigned a day before the official conviction, and was steadfast in his beliefs that the judgment didnt apply to him, according to Rutherford. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. Senators will then act as jurors while the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Though Fergusons hatred for UT ran deep, he never fully explained his animus. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about Ferguson. Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. Proclamation signed by a majority of the members of the House. Ferguson was indicted on charges including embezzlement while Carillo spent three years in jail following his impeachment. The controversy grew out of the refusal of the board of regents to remove certain faculty members whom the governor found objectionable. In sum, his down-home authenticity faded away to reveal a man who was mostly a fraud. When Ferguson found that he could not have his way, he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the university. Ferguson, a political novice, suffered from the lack of a viable power-base. Both elected and non-elected officials can be impeached in Texas. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. If the state legislature is not in regular session during the time of impeachment, a special session can be called specifically to handle impeachments. Landowners were assured, however, that they need not be alarmed by the proposal, as it would benefit all concerned. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. July 2, 20146 AM Central. Dictionaries thesauruses pictures and press releases. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. Your donation keeps our trusted reporting free and accessible for all Texans and during a legislative session when lawmakers are set to tackle issues from school choice for K-12 students to school safety improvements to changes in property taxes, its critical that Texans know what lawmakers decisions mean for their futures. Yet the House rejected a broad attempt to impeach Johnson for abuse of power in 1867, because many congressmen felt a president had to commit a crime to be impeached. ex-governor banned from holding state office. She was reelected in 1932 and served January 17, 1933 January 15, 1935. He made only a few speeches and must have known long before the votes were cast that Mrs. Ferguson had no chance to win. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. Ross Phares, The Governors of Texas (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican, 1976). The Senate, acting as a court of impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor of 10 of them. James Ferguson Dr. Ken Bridges An argument over spending tax. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 - September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Ferguson also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. Gould, Lewis L. "The University Becomes Politicized: The War with Jim Ferguson." ." Please subscribe to keep reading. Ma placed a distant fifth. James Ferguson. Ballotpedia features 395,442 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers), and judges. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance, and banking. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. Vinson asked what they had done to deserve it and he said, I dont need a reason, Im the governor.. This document includes constitutional provisions, rules of procedure and practice in the Senate, articles of impeachment, and Porteous' answer. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. The letter claimed that Winkler was the best person for the job. Impeachment is the power of a legislative body to address charges of impropriety or criminality by a government official, such as a governor or lieutenant governor. "[19] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official. The accusations, apparently true, were typical of the corruption, graft, and manipulations of American public life. Sign up now to get our FREE breaking news coverage delivered right to your inbox. In her first term, Miriam Ma Ferguson, as she was known, had a law passed that gave amnesty to all Texas officials formerly impeached. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky is the Distinguished Professor of Digital Humanities and History at Texas A&M UniversityCommerce. He claimed to be a successful businessman; he was not. Ferguson won the nomination by a majority of about 40,000 votes. On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace; they had two children. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. 23 Feb. 2023 . [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. Centex baseball preview: What's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023? In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. The UT battle was the one he should have avoided. Gov. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. Winds light and variable. [17] Governor of Texas Rick Perry's spokesperson said the investigations send a "chilling message" to gubernatorial appointees. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. Encyclopedia.com. [5], In 2013, the Texas State Legislature began an impeachment trial for Regent Wallace Hall. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. Nine years later, Ferguson died of a stroke. The state was blue, then really indigo. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. There were two major elements of the impeachment charges brought against Ferguson in 1917. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. Jim Ferguson so enormously popular 100 years ago. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers) and judges. "Ferguson Impeachment An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. In 1916 Ferguson's reelection seemed certain. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and . If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. He was barred, but managed to have his wife ("Ma Ferguson") elected governor; she was elected for a second term in 1932. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud, eds. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. The campaign proved him to be a man of considerable native ability and the possessor of a captivating personality. And here, Ferguson made his second blunder. Ferguson was convinced that Vinson was behind the protest. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. But in the midst of this personal war he had sparked with the flagship university in Austin, Ferguson appeared before a Travis County grand jury and was indicted on nine charges. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Cities | House Speaker Franklin Fuller called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." The reason he called the special session was because he wanted to address the UT budget, but they impeached him instead. The Board of Regents hired the firm to review whether Hall may have violated any federal privacy laws in his handling of student information. Millions of Texans have rare diseases. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. Bruce A. Glasrud is professor emeritus of history at California State University, East Bay, and retired dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Sul Ross State University. However, the judgment to impeachhanded down one day after his resignation-was upheld, preventing him from holding public office in Texas. And once again, there is talk of impeachment in the Legislature. Join us! He claimed to be painstakingly honest; he was an embezzler. Apply today! The second had to do with his utilization of the Temple Bank he had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund. He often said, civilization begins and ends with the plow. Ferguson was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was splendidly fluent in the dialects of rural Texas. Seven related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement and one to the diversion of a special fund. Provision was made for the establishment of the Austin State School. The anti-prohibitionists attempted to have a similar convention, but Ferguson, whose statements and Bell County record identified him as an anti-prohibitionist, refused to submit his name to it. 9, 1916) Gen. John J. Pershing led US forces in a hunt for Villa from March 14, 1916 to Feb. 7, 1917 Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. Jim Ferguson got in trouble for throwing his weight around, and for using the publics money as a personal slush fund. James E. Ferguson", Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature 18462006, "Governor Ferguson Is Impeached By The Senate Saturday, By 27 to 4: 10 of 21 Charges Sustained By High Impeachment Court", "Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature, 18462010", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_E._Ferguson&oldid=1136223529, Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election, Impeached state and territorial governors of the United States removed from office, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 09:22. Only 17 federal officers have been impeached since 1776. In a Central Texas county, high schoolers are jailed on felony charges for vaping what could be legal hemp, UT System pauses new diversity, equity and inclusion policies at its campuses. [6] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, Elementary school music teacher leaves $6M to Baylor, Former NFL star Chad Johnson says he saved money by living inside Cincinnati Bengals stadium for 2 years, Mike Copeland: Steak and Ale comeback; Paper plant progress; Bagby apartments; Gaines Booked Up, Lake on Waco Creek floated for park next to Floyd Casey development, Whizzbang's owner buys Health Camp with eye to preserving burger joint legacy, Waco Charter School to close after summer classes, Sheriff names man found dead of apparent gunshot in Golinda, La Vega, Fairfield girls know the way to San Antone, clinching state trips, Brothers continue dad's clear legacy at Freddy's Glass, Brice Cherry: Collen pushes all the right buttons in her best coaching performance yet, Olympic-winning pole vaulter, pastor Bob Richards dies at 97, The GOAT of tennis families lives in Groesbeck. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. It was, in his mind, absolute. Pat Neff. (b. Ferguson would often call into question the value of a college diploma, saying it was book learning gone to seed. He said some professors took three years to learn that you couldnt grow wool on an armadillo. His constituency, he claimed, resided where the creeks forked and he felt they were getting short-changed by not getting enough basic education, while the kids at UT were getting too much of it., He said those kids go up to Austin for four years and return home with nothing but a mandolin and liver damage. As my brother Redneck Dave would say, That right there is funny. Bruce Rutherford, The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983). Ferguson cleverly resigned, claiming then that the Senate couldnt uphold an impeachment for someone who wasnt actually in office. So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. The House sent 21 articles of impeachment to the Senate. Dictionary of American History. The vote was 25-3. Leah LaGrone Ochoa then explores Fergusons hot-and-cold relationship with the Texas press, and Mark Stanley examines the impact of the impeachment on Texas politics in the decades that followed. Ballot measures, Who represents me? The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. There is no regularly scheduled session until 2015. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. The Court of Impeachment, by a vote of twenty-five to three, removed Ferguson from office and made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the state of Texas. There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. With strong support from progressive and anti-Prohibition forces, "Farmer Jim" was elected governor of Texas in 1914. 2] THE IMPEACHMENT OF JAMES E. FERGUSON I85 there, was immediately converted to the legal profession. If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate must then sit as the court of impeachment. No. State executives | Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. Democrat James "Pa" Ferguson Jr. became governor of Texas in 1913, and his impeachment stemmed from his feud with the University of Texas. Ma placed a distant fifth. An overview by John R. Lundberg offers a comprehensive survey of the impeachment process. Though he had signed legislation creating three new. That committee has been holding a series of meetings in late 2013. Only the governor can do that. In 1906, he sold Farmers bank and established Temple State Bank. Ferguson was so enraged by the demonstrators that he got into a yelling match with one of the student protestors and had to be restrained from climbing out of his window to fight them, according to The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson, a 1983 book by Bruce Rutherford. The issues were prohibition, the tax rate, and certain unpalatable rumors concerning the Ferguson administration. Federal courts | The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. He was a popular figure, signing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Ferguson was first elected in 1914, and was reelected in 1916. . we are currently accepting new members. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. The State Senate reduced the charges to ten, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. The convention did not endorse Ferguson, but the other anti-prohibition candidates withdrew from the race. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. He said the governor served the people, but he used the power of the office to reward his friends and crush not just his political enemies, but good servants of the state whose only offense was not voting for him. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. If the Senate is not in session, there are four ways by which it may be convened.[7]. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. State legislators created a select committee to launch an investigation into possibly impeaching Wallace Hall, an appointed member of the University of Texas System Board of Regents. Amplify your impact and donate now. Democratic nominee James M. Cox won in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic. Ferguson was removed from office and deemed ineligible to hold any position of honor, trust, or profit under the laws of Texas by the Court of Impeachment by a vote of twenty-five to three. He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. The most that the select committee can do would be to recommend to the full state house that articles of impeachment be drafted. In order for an official to be impeached, articles of impeachment must be brought by the Texas House of Representatives. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. In addition, he established Farmers State Bank. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). The United States Constitution provides that the President of the United States shall only be removed from office upon "Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. The 1920 presidential election was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. November 2013 testimony prompted committee-member Trey Fischer to request the inquiry. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. Similarly, the Texas constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor, and statewide elected officials. Public policy. A powerful governor clashes with the University of Texas at Austin. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. His father died when he was four. The following sections are outlined in Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. Major elements of the page across from the governorship on both sides of the impeachment of Gov Wallace,! The investigating committee, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office federal privacy laws his. First person in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic petition signed by wide... Rate, and click here to report an error his ownership of newspapers, including the Bulletin... Nine charges which included misapplication of public officers by the House of Representatives drew up charges... 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